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Coinbase has warned that proof-of-stake blockchains could face significant security risks from future advances in quantum computing, highlighting Algorand and Aptos as comparatively better prepared for a transition to quantum-resistant measures. In a report released Tuesday, Coinbase’s quantum computing advisory group said that blockchains including Ethereum and Solana may become vulnerable if they do not adopt quantum-resistant cryptography soon.
Quantum computing is still in its early stages, but Coinbase said that a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could eventually break the cryptographic systems that secure digital assets across major blockchains. While experts estimate that such a scenario is at least a decade away, the report emphasizes the need for proactive preparation.
Coinbase identified Algorand (ALGO) as one of the first networks to integrate quantum-resistant cryptographic tools into its mainnet. The company pointed to a “staged roadmap toward full quantum readiness,” including a recent milestone involving the processing of a quantum-resistant transaction. Coinbase also noted that some components—such as block proposals and committee voting mechanisms—remain vulnerable, while Algorand continues research aimed at securing those elements.
For Aptos (APT), Coinbase highlighted a streamlined approach to post-quantum upgrades. Instead of requiring users to migrate assets to new wallets, Aptos allows users to update their existing authentication keys to quantum-resistant versions. Coinbase said this reduces user friction and positions the network well for future threats.
Coinbase’s advisory board said quantum attackers could exploit unaddressed mechanisms on proof-of-stake networks. It also pointed to ongoing progress across major chains: Solana has introduced a new signature scheme that enables users to transition to quantum-resistant addresses, while Ethereum has outlined a roadmap for similar upgrades.
Bitcoin was also included in the discussion. Coinbase said that even though Bitcoin’s design is inherently more secure, it is not immune to quantum threats, as wallet-level vulnerabilities could expose large holdings once advanced quantum computers emerge.
The transition to quantum-resistant cryptography involves logistical and technical hurdles. Coinbase noted that quantum-resistant cryptographic methods can be more resource-intensive, with potential effects on transaction speeds and storage requirements. Implementing these changes across blockchains, wallets, and user systems is expected to require years of coordination, testing, and adoption.
Coinbase said major industry players—including technology companies and blockchain networks such as Ethereum, Solana, and Algorand—are working toward readiness for a post-quantum environment. The advisory board stressed that the crypto industry cannot afford to delay preparations, even if the threat remains theoretical for now.
For investors, Coinbase suggested that a blockchain’s quantum readiness could become an important factor in evaluating long-term viability. It described Algorand and Aptos as emerging leaders, while noting that Ethereum and Solana’s upgrades indicate that major proof-of-stake networks are taking the risk seriously, though progress varies.
Coinbase said the timeline for a “quantum day”—when quantum computers could realistically compromise blockchain security—remains uncertain. Still, the report frames proactive preparation as a warning for developers and investors to focus on long-term asset security.
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