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The Ethereum Foundation’s Clear Signing working group has published an open standard, ERC-7730-based Clear Signing, aimed at replacing the hex and other hard-to-read transaction data that many wallets show when users are asked to approve a transaction. The goal is to present human-readable, auditable summaries so users can better understand what will happen on-chain before confirming.
Clear Signing targets a long-standing usability and security weakness in crypto wallets: when users interact with smart contracts—such as approving token spending, listing an NFT, or authorizing a DeFi position—wallets often display raw calldata or only partial ABI decoding. That mismatch between what users see and what the transaction actually does has been a key mechanism behind phishing attacks, where malicious applications can prompt approvals that drain funds while appearing benign.
Ledger, which co-developed ERC-7730 with the Ethereum Foundation working group, described “blind signing” as one of the top two causes of significant user losses in hardware wallet incidents.
Clear Signing is built around three components:
The standard is designed to be non-breaking. Clear Signing does not change how transactions are structured, broadcast, or settled on-chain, so existing smart contracts, Layer 2 networks, and DeFi protocols do not require changes to benefit.
Instead, the improvement is in the wallet presentation layer. Rather than showing a raw hex string or a partial parameter dump, a Clear Signing-compatible wallet can display a plain-language summary derived from the ERC-7730 registry entry for the contract—for example, “Approve Uniswap to spend up to 500 USDC from your wallet” or “List CryptoPunk #4156 for sale at 40 ETH on OpenSea.”
Clear Signing is being introduced as phishing and approval scams continue to be a major attack vector for retail users, even as protocol-level exploits become harder to execute on mature, audited contracts.
In a reported CoW DAO domain hijacking incident, attackers redirected users to a phishing site for 4.5 hours and induced them to sign malicious transactions. The described failure mode aligns with what Clear Signing is intended to mitigate by making the approval intent more legible to users.
Separately, the article cites Binance security data showing 22.9 million phishing attempts intercepted in Q1 2026, reinforcing the emphasis on making transaction approval prompts understandable to ordinary users.
By focusing on wallet-level clarity—while leaving on-chain logic unchanged—Clear Signing aims to reduce the effectiveness of scams that rely on users being unable to interpret what they are approving. The standard is positioned as part of a broader effort to make Ethereum safer and more accessible across the stack.
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