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According to the IMF, the growing capabilities of AI models are turning cybersecurity risk into a potential macroeconomic shock. In particular, tools such as Anthropic's Claude Mythos could rapidly identify and exploit vulnerabilities across banks and financial institutions. The IMF notes that advanced AI models can shorten the time and cost required to discover weaknesses, increasing the risk of widespread, simultaneous attacks on widely used systems. This raises concerns about 'systemic failures' where multiple financial institutions could be affected at once, disrupting financial intermediation, payment systems, and market confidence. Anthropic says Mythos has identified thousands of serious vulnerabilities, including weaknesses across multiple operating systems and common browsers. The company warns that the impact could ripple through the broader economy, public safety, and national security. The model is currently deployed in a limited fashion to about 40 organizations, mainly in the United States, including tech giants like Amazon and Microsoft and banks such as JPMorgan. However, this also raises concerns about defense gaps between regions, as many organizations outside the U.S. have not yet access to the technology. The IMF calls for enhanced international cooperation, noting that cybersecurity risk does not respect borders and that developing economies may be more vulnerable. A large-scale cyberattack could trigger a chain reaction—loss of confidence, disruption to payments, liquidity stress, and a wave of asset selling if many institutions are affected simultaneously. Because many financial institutions use common software and service providers, AI models could create systemic vulnerabilities across a broad swath of the financial system. The IMF emphasizes that the current security advantage of financial systems could be eroded as AI technology continues to evolve. 'The ultimate defense will be breached, so resilience must be a top priority,' the IMF said, urging financial institutions to strengthen resilience testing, scenario analyses, and public-private information sharing and incident response.
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