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Under Vietnam’s regulations, emission reductions and carbon credits transferred internationally must fall under one of three mechanism groups: the Paris Agreement Article 6.2 framework, the Article 6.4 mechanism, or independent carbon standards.
Article 6.2 covers international treaty or agreement arrangements signed between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and a Paris Agreement Party or an international organization. These arrangements are used to implement greenhouse gas emission reduction goals in Vietnam’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) or other GHG reduction targets.
The framework enables the transfer of greenhouse gas emission reductions and carbon credits from Vietnam to international partners through Vietnam’s international transfer approval document. It also allows transfers from international partners to Vietnam through the host country’s international transfer approval document.
The Article 6.4 mechanism is the Paris Agreement framework for the exchange and offset of carbon credits defined in paragraph 4 of Article 6. It allows agencies and organizations participating in programs and projects that transfer emission reductions and carbon credits internationally to meet GHG reduction targets in the NDC or other targets.
Independent carbon standards are international standards used outside the Paris framework. Their provisions include recognizing methods for generating carbon credits, registering projects, and issuing credits.
For all international transfer activities, the regulations require recording on the National Registry for greenhouse gas emission allowances and carbon credits. The national registry serves as the formal record for emission allowances and credits.
Authorizing international transfers and receiving credits from abroad into Vietnam is carried out through strict approval steps to ensure transparency and protect national interests. International transfer approvals with adjustments can only be made after the reductions or credits have been issued and with the opinion of the relevant management authority.
The regulations state that international transfers of emission reductions and carbon credits must comply with the Paris Agreement. They should support the development and transfer of emission-reducing technologies, enhance business competitiveness, and promote the development of a low-carbon economy in Vietnam.
Exchanges are required to prioritize achieving Vietnam’s NDC and other greenhouse gas reduction targets under international treaties and commitments. They must also safeguard national interests and balance benefits among participating parties, contributing to sustainable development in local communities where programs and projects are implemented.
Under the Decree, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment is the authorized government body to issue international transfer approvals and implement corresponding adjustments to the quantity of emission reductions and carbon credits transferred internationally between Vietnam and partners.
The Decree is designed to attract investment while ensuring adherence to national emission reduction commitments. Accordingly, emission reduction activities are categorized with transfer rate limits.
Activities involving new, high-cost technologies not yet widely deployed in Vietnam may have transfer rates of up to 90%.
Activities already implemented in Vietnam may have transfer rates of up to 50%, subject to the need for additional financial and technological support.
Limiting transfer rates—particularly for older technologies—and prioritizing higher rates for newer technologies is intended to ensure sufficient supply of emission reductions to meet the NDC before selling internationally.
The approach is also intended to create incentives for investors to bring advanced emission-reduction techniques into Vietnam, supporting capital attraction for the green transition and development of a low-carbon economy.
Decree No. 112/2026/NĐ-CP, when enacted, is described as an important step toward a comprehensive legal framework for Vietnam’s carbon market and international climate cooperation. It is expected to help attract green finance and modern technology, support Net Zero commitments, and strengthen Vietnam’s position in the global low-carbon economy value chain.
In an interview with VnEconomy, Ms. Nguyễn Hồng Loan, Director of Green Climate Creation Co., Ltd., said: “This Decree marks an important step in implementing Article 6 in Vietnam, establishing a clear and comprehensive legal framework for the international transfer of carbon credits and emission reductions from Vietnam.”
Ms. Loan also noted that the transfer thresholds are higher than earlier assessments, reflecting Vietnam’s intention to attract international climate finance to support domestic reduction efforts and achieve NDC goals.
At the same time, safeguards to prevent overselling are described as being embedded through a priority list and incentive list, transfer rate limits, and strict administrative oversight by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment and related ministries.
Experts said the regulation is expected to unlock long-awaited opportunities for stakeholders involved in the international transfer of carbon credits from Vietnamese projects.
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