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Solana Labs co-founder Anatoly Yakovenko has intensified the debate around quantum computing risks in the blockchain industry, issuing a warning about Ethereum Layer 2 (L2) ecosystems. On May 2, 2026, Yakovenko said that “Ethereum L2s are not quantum safe,” citing concerns about the long-term security of cryptographic systems used today.
Yakovenko’s remarks center on how many Ethereum L2 networks rely on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), particularly the widely used secp256k1 curve. In this model, once transactions are broadcast, associated public keys are visible on-chain. If quantum computers reach a capability sufficient to run Shor’s algorithm, those public keys could be vulnerable to decryption, potentially allowing attackers to reconstruct private keys and access funds.
Yakovenko also highlighted a “harvest now, decrypt later” scenario. In such a case, malicious actors could collect encrypted blockchain data today and exploit it once quantum capabilities mature. He further noted that beyond wallets, some zero-knowledge proof systems used in rollups—such as Groth16 and Plonk—could face risks because they depend on elliptic-curve pairings that may not withstand quantum attacks.
According to the update referenced in the article, popular networks including Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, and zkSync currently use frameworks that rely on these proof systems.
The comments followed a developer update describing Solana’s progress in integrating post-quantum cryptography, particularly Falcon-512 signature verification. Falcon-512 is intended to resist potential attacks from quantum computers, reflecting what the article describes as a proactive approach to future-proof security.
The article adds that Solana is gradually implementing Falcon-based protections, starting with new accounts while developing migration paths for existing wallets.
Yakovenko’s warning comes as Ethereum and Bitcoin face increasing scrutiny over their preparedness for quantum advancements. The article notes that Ethereum is aiming for quantum resistance later in the decade, while Cardano and Algorand are actively researching alternative solutions.
It also states that Ripple has pledged to make XRP quantum-proof by 2028, while Bitcoin remains in the early stages of addressing the challenge.
As quantum computing evolves, the article characterizes the effort to secure blockchain networks as increasingly urgent, with projects adopting different strategies to protect digital assets in a post-quantum environment.
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