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According to data from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, global sulfur production in 2025 reached about 84 million tonnes. Notably, sulfur is not mined in the conventional way like many minerals; it is mainly recovered as a byproduct in oil refining, natural gas processing, and metal processing. This implies that sulfur supply is linked to developments in the global energy sector. The information graphic below shows that China is the world's largest sulfur producer, at around 19 million tonnes, far ahead of the rest. This position reflects the scale of the downstream refining, chemical, and industrial production sector in the world's second-largest economy. Russia ranks second with 7.5 million tonnes, while Saudi Arabia reaches 7.2 million tonnes. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is also a major link in the sulfur supply chain with 6.3 million tonnes. The group of large producers in the Middle East underscores the tight link between sulfur and oil and gas activity. The United States is also among the leading producers, with production around 8.1 million tonnes in the previous year. In addition to the leading countries, Canada, Kazakhstan, India, Korea and Qatar also contribute significantly to global sulfur supply. This distribution shows that sulfur is not only a mining story but a product linked to downstream refining, gas processing, and heavy industry centers. As demand from fertilizers, chemicals, and clean energy continues to rise, the role of large sulfur producers will become increasingly important. However, because sulfur is mainly a byproduct of oil refining and gas processing, the long-term supply outlook will depend largely on the future of the global energy sector.
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