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One of the largest coal-fired power plant projects in Vietnam is the Vĩnh Tân 1 Thermal Power Plant in Bình Thuận, now in Lâm Đồng, funded by China. The China-backed $1.75 billion Vĩnh Tân 1 coal-fired power plant pioneers the use of supercritical boiler technology firing pulverized coal using Vietnam's anthracite coal.
Vĩnh Tân 1 is the first coal-fired project in Vietnam to apply supercritical boiler technology (supercritical) firing coal with a W-shaped flame using Vietnam's anthracite coal. The fuel has low volatile content and is harder to ignite than many imported coals. The combustion chamber is designed with a W-shaped flame to stabilize burning, raise combustion efficiency, reduce unburned coal, and minimize fuel waste.
Supercritical boiler technology allows operation at higher temperatures and pressures than traditional units. This increases electricity generation efficiency and reduces CO2 emissions per kWh.
To date, other projects in Vietnam have adopted similar technology, including Vĩnh Tân 4, Sông Hậu I, Vũng Áng II, and Quảng Trạch I. The adoption reflects a trend toward upgrading technology in the thermal power sector to enhance operational efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
The plant uses a supercritical boiler combined with a modern steam turbine, which is described as increasing efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, and limiting emissions compared with older coal-fired plants. It is also presented as a key measure to reduce environmental pressure as coal-fired power remains a major part of Vietnam's energy mix.
Public documents available to date show few other Vietnamese coal-fired plants publicly disclose the exact configuration of “supercritical boiler firing pulverized coal with a W-shaped flame” like Vĩnh Tân 1.
Beyond combustion technology, Vĩnh Tân 1 Power Company strengthens ash handling and dust control at the ash dump area. The fly ash utilization rate currently exceeds 75% of daily generation, helping reduce the volume stored at the ash dump.
The operator maintains surface compaction, covers with dust-control nets, and operates automatic water spray systems and manual watering to keep the surface moist. As fly ash decreases, many areas of the ash dump now have natural green cover.
The plant has large-scale foreign investment with a capacity of about 1,200 MW across 2 units and total investment around $1.75 billion. It is implemented as a BOT (build–operate–transfer) project.
Foreign investment includes China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., China International Electric Power Co., and Vinacomin Power (now TKV Power Corp.). The project broke ground in 2015 and began commercial operation in 2018.
Each year, Vĩnh Tân 1 provides about 7.2 billion kWh of electricity to the national grid, helping ease power shortages in the southern region. The project also creates jobs for thousands of local workers and contributes to the Bình Thuận province budget, playing a role in the national energy development strategy.
During construction, specialized materials and technical solutions were used for foundations, waterproofing, and industrial structures.
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