Who Owns the Most Bitcoin in 2026 by Entity and Wallets?

Bitcoin ownership in 2026 is spread across its creator, exchanges, spot ETF issuers, public companies, governments, private firms and unknown wallets. Arkham’s April 2026 data shows that Satoshi Nakamoto remains the largest identified Bitcoin holder when related wallets are grouped into one entity, while major custodians and exchanges hold large balances that often reflect customer custody rather than direct corporate ownership.

Satoshi Nakamoto leads identified holder entity rankings

Arkham’s April 2026 breakdown places Satoshi Nakamoto as the largest Bitcoin-holding entity, linked to about 1.096 million BTC, worth roughly $82 billion at current prices. Arkham says the attribution is based on the Patoshi Pattern, an early mining pattern connected to Satoshi-linked activity.

Arkham’s research indicates Satoshi acquired these holdings by mining about 22,000 blocks in Bitcoin’s early years. The holdings represent about 5.5% of Bitcoin’s total supply. Arkham notes the wallets have remained central to ownership tracking because they have not shown regular movement over the years.

Coinbase ranks second with about 976,000 BTC. The figure includes assets held for the exchange and customers using its custody services. Coinbase controls about 5% of Bitcoin’s supply, while Binance holds about 631,000 BTC across tagged wallets.

ETFs and treasury firms account for large tracked institutional holdings

BlackRock is the largest Bitcoin ETF issuer in Arkham’s ranking, with around 799,000 BTC. Arkham links these holdings to the rapid growth of spot Bitcoin ETFs after their U.S. launch in January 2024, noting it identified on-chain locations of several ETF holdings once the products began trading.

Other ETF-related issuers tracked by Arkham include Fidelity, Grayscale, Bitwise, ARK Invest and Morgan Stanley. Arkham reports that Grayscale’s Bitcoin is spread across more than 1,750 addresses, with each holding no more than 1,000 BTC.

Strategy remains the largest public company holder, with total holdings of about 781,000 BTC. Arkham notes its verified on-chain figure is lower because around 184,000 BTC is held through Fidelity Custody. The company’s full Bitcoin stack is valued at about $59 billion based on the report’s pricing.

Governments hold seized and mined Bitcoin

The United States Government is the largest government Bitcoin holder, with about 328,000 BTC. Arkham attributes the balance to asset seizures, including funds linked to the Bitfinex hack, Silk Road cases and the LuBian hacker address. The U.S. holdings represent about 1.6% of Bitcoin’s total supply.

The United Kingdom follows with about 61,000 BTC, tied to Bitcoin seized by the Metropolitan Police from Jian Wen and Zhimin Qian. Arkham also lists El Salvador with about 7,600 BTC, the UAE Royal Group with about 7,000 BTC and Bhutan’s Druk Holdings with about 3,500 BTC.

El Salvador’s holdings are described as coming from sovereign Bitcoin purchases and a daily accumulation policy. Bhutan’s holdings are tied to Bitcoin mining through its sovereign investment arm, though Arkham says Bhutan’s Bitcoin stack has declined from about 6,000 BTC to 3,500 BTC in 2026.

Large individual wallets include major exchange cold storage and unknown addresses

Arkham’s data shows the largest individual Bitcoin wallet is a Binance cold wallet holding about 249,000 BTC. Another Binance cold wallet ranks second with about 145,000 BTC. Robinhood and Bitfinex cold wallets follow with about 141,000 BTC and 130,000 BTC, respectively.

A U.S. Government wallet tied to Bitfinex hack recovery holds about 95,000 BTC. Tether’s Bitcoin reserve wallet holds around 97,000 BTC. Arkham also lists an unattributed wallet with about 92,000 BTC, making it one of the largest individual addresses without a confirmed owner.

Several unknown Bitcoin wallets still hold billionaire-level balances. The largest unattributed wallets contain about 92,000 BTC, 78,000 BTC, 54,000 BTC, 52,000 BTC and 44,000 BTC, underscoring that some of Bitcoin’s biggest holders remain unidentified even as blockchain data continues to track large movements.