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Experts at an online discussion program organized by Hanoi Social Security, titled “Unemployment Insurance - Understanding the Law Correctly, Enjoying Full Rights,” answered questions about eligibility and procedures for unemployment benefits under the 2025 Employment Law.
Ms. Tran Thi Thu Ha, Deputy Head of the BHXH regime department (Hanoi BHXH), said that under the 2025 Employment Law, employees are eligible for unemployment benefits only when the employment contract is terminated in accordance with legal regulations.
In cases of unilateral termination that violate the law—such as voluntarily quitting without notice or without a legal basis—eligibility conditions will not be met. “Employees who quit the job illegally will not receive unemployment benefits. However, the time contributed previously will be retained and credited toward future participation,” Ms. Ha said.
For dismissals due to disciplinary violations, Ms. Ha noted that employees may still be eligible for unemployment benefits if they meet the required conditions. She emphasized that dismissal is a decision by the employer, not an act of unilateral illegal termination by the employee.
To qualify for unemployment benefits, workers must meet all of the following conditions:
Ms. Ha also highlighted cases that do not qualify, including insufficient insurance contribution time, late application submission, or being employed during the review period.
Workers in the following situations are also not eligible for unemployment benefits: fulfilling military service, joining the police or public security, long-term study over 12 months, or being placed in compulsory education or rehabilitation centers.
Mr. Nguyen Cong Dinh, Deputy Director of Hanoi BHXH, said 2026 is the first year of implementing the 2025 Employment Law, with new provisions including expanding the participation pool and reforming administrative procedures.
Accordingly, workers with a contract of one month or more and those who work part-time are covered by unemployment insurance. He also noted that, through integration with the VNeID electronic identification system, workers can submit unemployment benefit applications online via the National Public Service Portal.
Experts advised workers to understand the regulations carefully before quitting. Ending a contract legally helps ensure eligibility for unemployment benefits and reduces legal risks in labor relations.
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